Attachments: Each interossei originates from a medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal, and attaches into the extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger.

Actions: Adduction of the digits. Assists in flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints.

Attachments: Originates from the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus. Inserts onto the radial aspect of the extensor hood of each digit.

Actions: Flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint and extension at the interphalangeal (IP) joints.

Attachments: Originates from the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium and from the associated flexor retinaculum. Attaches to lateral aspect of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

Actions: Abduction of the thumb.

Attachments: Long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and the short head originates from the coracoid process of the scapula. Both heads insert distally into the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.

Function: Supination of the forearm, flexion at the elbow and shoulder.

Attachments: Originates from the medial epicondyle, attaches to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist.

Actions: Flexion (weak) at the wrist

Attachments: Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and attaches to the base of the third metacarpal.

Actions: Extension and abduction at the wrist

Attachments: Originates from the greater trochanter and the lateral lip of linea aspera of the femur. It inserts onto the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon. The patella is then attached to the tibial tuberosity by the patella ligament.

Actions: Extension of the knee joint. It has a secondary function of stabilising the patella.

Attachments: Originates from the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis and attaches to the medial surface of the tibia.

Actions: Flexion of the leg at the knee joint. Extension of thigh at the hip. Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.

Attachments: Originates from the soleal line of the tibia and proximal fibula. The muscle converges with the fibers of the gastrocnemius to form the calcaneal tendon, which inserts onto the calcaneus.

Actions: Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint